Türkiye's debt to China reaches $28 billion

Russia topped the list with $169 billion, followed by Venezuela with $113 billion and Pakistan with $69 billion. The combined debt obligations of the 30 countries owing the most to China were estimated at $1.031 trillion.

The study highlighted China's growing influence in international financing, particularly through infrastructure, energy, and transportation projects. However, no details were provided regarding the distribution of Türkiye's $28 billion in obligations between the public and private sectors, nor was it clarified which types of debt or periods the figure covered. Therefore, the amount should not be interpreted as Türkiye's direct government debt. The findings have renewed attention on China's growing role in global lending markets and international financing relationships.